Armor or other metal plate.



L O. ELLINGER.

ARMOR 0R-0THEH METAL PLATE.

APPUCATION FILED JULY15,1910.

1,142,241. PatenaJun'e 8,1915.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

I CJ M www Wl TNE SSE S www 'd 23 /NVENTH 1. 0. ELUNGER.

ARMOR 0R OTHER METAL PLATE.

APPL1cAT|oN r1LE1 1uLY15.191o.

2 SHEETS--SHEET 2.

INVENTOR To fili whom it vmay Gomera.'

l UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

JULIANp. ELLINGEE., or NEW Yonx, N; Y.,

AssIGNoN, BY DIRECT AND MESNE AssIGNQ iiIENTs, or ONE-HALI- To UNIVERSALELECTRIC WELDING COMPANY, OI' NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OE NEWYonx.

Annen on OTIIEE METAL PLATE.

Be known that I JULIAN Q. EmNGER, a citizen ofthe Uni w States, and aresident o I the city, county, and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Armor or other Metal Plates,

` of which the following is a specication. l

Thi'sinvention relatesto armor lates and means for fastening the same tosi es of ves- Sels'. f

It 1s now Athe practice to 'secure armor plates to t e sides of vessels1by means of bolts exten ing into the sides through openingsA which aredrilled through the plates. This practice is expensive, inasmuch as theplates are hardened, by harveyizing them for example so that thedrilling 'of the holes therethrough is a matter of considerable time 1.n, d labor. It also weakens the plates.

The main purpose of the invention is to minimize the expense incidenttothe attacho f armor pla to the sides 'of vessels and to Overcome t eweakness caused by the present mode.

This purpose is 'accomplished by integrail;I uniting to. thecomparatively soft backsof the armor 'plates the bolts whichl serveftosecuresaid pa to the vessels, and the preferred method o integrallyuniting these 4v""rts' is by' electrically7 welding them toethe.

he bolts .and v'the backs of the armor maytbe variously prepared forelecrieal welding, within the spirit of the pres- 'pnt invention, themost important requisite being` that either or b h of the surfaces which'are tobe weldab y united `shall be fo'ried to provide for contact witheach other a` protuberance or portion of reduced cross-sectional area'ora portion isolated from the lcontiguous art,formin'gportionsuwherein'theheat is ocalized, ,so that such portion orportions shall be brought to a weldingheat by the current passingtherethrou h lbefore the pressure which is einpiy t0 i' teg-,rally unitthe melma aimie- 'cules brings the bodies of the membersbeing thusunited into sii'ch .intimate ContactA with each other as to cause a'short eircuiting lof the current and its dissipation, andA in L'theaccompanying wings I have 4shown phibei;v of various examples of'parts prepared as to embody such requislte.

It is to be understood 'that these various 4Speoiiloation of LettersPatente forms are to be considered as exemplary and' suggestlve and thatthere are many-.other detail forms which will be quite within. the

Patented J une 8,1915. Appunti@ 'nid my 1s, 1910. serial No. 572.101.

spirit of the present invention and the scope of the subjoined claims.For this reason the invention is not to be construed to berestricted tothe particular embodiments herein illustrated and may be embodied inmany apparently widely different forms without 'departing from itsspirit or th cope of sub- ]'oined claims. if?

In the drawings Figure 1 is a view of'a section or portion of anarmorplate and a -portion of a bolt orother fastening element exempliying aform-of the invention wherein each of said parts or Inembersis speciallyprepared for integral union. Fig. .2 is a similar view wherein thefastening bolt only is specially prepared for such union, illustratingone suitable form of such preparation. Fig. 3 is a similar view whereinthe back of the armor plate only is prepared for integral union of thesame with the end of the bolt or otherfastening element, illusz tratingone suitable` form embodyingsuch preparation. Fig. 4 is a similar viewillustrating a preparation of the armorplate only, slightly differentfrom that ofFig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrating a preparation rof thearmor plateonly differing slightly from those of Figs. 3 and 4. .Figa 6 is anotherexemplication of the back of an armor plate and the end of a bolt orother fastening element therefor, wherein each is specially prepared.`Fig. 7 is a similar view showin a different-preparation of both theback o Ithe armor plate and fastening element" Fig-` 8 is a view -ofthe' form illus- 'tratedinf ig..7, taken from a position at right v'ar'xgles with that of Fig: 7 gFig. 9 is 'a view` intended-to illustrateone arrangement foi electrodes o'r terminals .which may beremployedintheelectrical welding process; showing the parts prepared substantiallythe-sameasin Fig. 1.'. Fi 10 Is'a 'viw .to illustrate a'- di erent ar--rangement of electrodes'orvterminals and embodying a differentconstruction thereof, Fig;J .1l is a view similar to' Fig. 10, 1n-

tended to illustrate a preheating step ofthe v Fig; 12 is a detail viewof an elecsimilar view of a m ified forni thereof.

' Fig. 14 is a viewon a small scale showing the armor plate with thebolts rigidly and integrally united thereto.

Referring first to the form shown 1n Figs. 10 and 11, 20 designates thearmor plate and 21 the bolt. The rear side of the armor plate is groovedas indicated at 22 to form an isolated welding portion 23,or a series ofthe same, for union with the end 24 of the bolt or bolts, the-.latterbeing shown as a protuberance, inasmuch as the body of the bolt has anannular flange 25 at the base of the end 24. When the parts have beenthus prepared, they are suitably connected with terminals of an electricwelding machine, of any suitable construction.

The machine itself forms no part of the present invention, and need notvbe illus- .trated herein. The terminals, however,are

peculiar,.` and comprise a plurality of elements disposed in contactwith the armor plate 2O immediately adjacent to the outer wall of thegroove 22. These elements preferably are segments of a split ring, whichmay be of two parts marked 26 and 27, respectively, in Figs. 11 and 12,or may be made of a greater number of segments, four for' example, asshown by the parts marked 28, 29, 3Qand 31 in Fig. 13. i' l The circuitwir'ng in this'embodiment of the invention is such that the elements orsegments may be of the same or different polarity and changed from oneto the other, for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. There isanother terminal element, marked 32 applied to the bolt 21.

. In practice, the armor plate and bolt, after l having been properlyprepared, are connected with the terminals of the welding machine andwith Avthe pressure means of the latter. The current is so switched andconducted that it will not pass to the terminal 32 but will flow to theterminals 26 and 27, one of said terminals being of positive polarityand the other negative. The circuit is completed through the isolatedportion 23 Af of the armor plate, as indicated'by the arrow in Fig. 11.By this the said portion is preheated but it is not brought to atemperature sufficiently high to form a weld. After this preheating stepis completed, the current is so ,changedytha't it will iio'vvrto theterminal 32 and also-to the terminals 26 and 27, the latter twoterminals being now of the same polarity-plus, as shown in Fig. 10 ofthe drawing. In this step the current passes through the back of thearmor plate, through the bolt 21, in the direction of the arrows 1n Fig.10. The isolated portidn 23 o1 the armor plate and the end 24 and flange25 of the bolt 21 Aare brought by the action ofthe current in this stepto a welding heat, whereupon (pressure is applied and the soft orplastic metal of these parts is forced together, and the plastic metalbfthe flange 25 flows and is forced into the groove 22, wherethrough theterminal 32 rent passes through the terminals, 33,

through the armor platej 20, throughl the projection 23 and through thebolt 21, y back to the welding machine. ffl 'I It will be understoodthat in practice the back of each armor plate is provided with a seriesof bolts and said plates are prepared as described, for attaching thebolts thereto. By attaching the bolts .directly to the back of the plateand making them an integral part thereof, the cost of production isreduced to a minimum and the objections caused by providing the plateswith openings through which to pass the bolts, as heretofore, areovercome.

In Fig. 1, the armor plate 20 is prepared with a groove 34, quitesimilar to the groove 22 shown by Figs. 10v and 11, but the bolt 20 isformed with a groove, the same as 34 in Fig. 1. A

In Fig. 3, the armor plate 20 is formed with a projection 36 which isweldably united to the end of a bolt 21 and has a plane undersurfacewhich does not project laterally beyond the sides of the bolt. Theprojection 36 extends outward beyond the plane of the body of the plate,and in this orm has the same superficial area as the end of the bolt;while in Fig. 4, the same form of bolt 21 is shown. In this case thearmor plate 2O has a projection 37 on the rear face thereof withundercut edges 38. The lwelding surface of this projection isgreater'than the end of the bo'lt 21.

In 5, the bolt 21 is the same as that shown 1n the prior figure, and inthis case 1t 1s provided with a projection 39 having a convex outersurface like that shown in Flg. 1. y

In the form shown in Fig. 6 the plate 2O panded end 42 formed withgrooves 43 to provide welding projections 44. Thel plate 2O is similarlygrooved at 45 to form the seriesP of projections 46. In this form thebolt is so arranged that its projections 44 will cross the projections46 on the armor plate. The crossing of the projections forms pocketswhich communicate w1th each other and into which the plastic metal ofthe projections is forced when they bolt is united to the back of theplate by pressure after the projections are brought to the weldingtemperature. In all. hese forms it is to be understood thatla terminalof the weldin machine is connected to the bolty 21, and t e otherterminal to the armor plate, and when the current is passed through.suiciently to bring the end of the bolt and the welding points orprojections on the back of the armor plate to a welding heat, the twoparts are forced together by pressure, whereupon the plastic metal willunite, the projections on one of the elements will be forced in and fillup the recess in the other, and a complete rigid weld is made, themolecules of the metal being united and forming a homogeneous mass. Thebolt is thus connected to the back of the armor plate and-is an integralhomogeneous art thereof.

It is believed that t e process for the production of the structure andthe advantages thereof, will b e understood from the foregoing, and itis further believed that the illustrated forms will be understood to beexemplary merely, and that the invention is not to be construed to'berestricted to such illustrated forms and may be embodied in manyapparently widely different forms all of which are considered to bewithin the lscope definedby the subjoined claims.

While I have described this inventionas applied to armor plate, it is tobe understood that plates so made may be used for other purposes onships than armor lates, and in fact may be used in the manu acture ofsafes, vaults and other places where thick and heavy plates arenecessary.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. An armor plate, the surfaces of which differ in hardness, providedwith f elements weldably united to the surface o lesser hardness, theentire. structure being homogeneous. 4 A

2. A plate of metal, the surfaces of which have a different degree ofhardness, series of bolts projecting rearward from the surface which isof lesser hardness and integrally united thereto by electric welds,thereby forming a, homogeneous structure.

3. A metal plate th front of -which is harder than its back, a fasteningelement -therefor having an end ada ted to be weldably united to theback, sai end having its portion for union 'with the back laterallyexpanded with an extremity of reduced cross j and State of j'

